السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته..
أعتذر عن تأخرى فى حل التدريبات وشكرا لكم لقد استفدت جدا من المحاضرات فالمترجم ليس فقط حصيلة لغوية ولكن أيضا معلومات عامة وأساسية.. شكرا جزيلا أستاذ حسام
الجزء الأول:
Policy is a set of ideas concerning protection, either it was rules; believes or provisions, acions conduct, conducted or will conduct, or news. If it was in a fait accompli, it would be politics either at present or in future. If it was out-of-date that it took place and finished either recently or in the past it would be history.
Scientists definite politics as the art of potentialities or the art of potentiality, and protection of the internal and external nation's affairs. This protection should be shouldered by the nation and state as the state carry out this protection and the nation it watch out.
To be a politician, it should have a political experience either engaged in and has practiced it, he would be the one who deserve this title or that name. Or he did not practiced it, in that case he would be a theoratical politician. To have a political experience, it should have three important things: first, the political information. Second, following up the political news, and the third thing the good selection of the political news.
The international and foriegn policy are part and parcel of politics, as it is a policy. That is why politics does not meet its meaning except if it have ideas of protecting his nations affairs and the other nations and states. The relationship between international and foriegn policy and politics is like part of all and the essential part that form it.
Bolshevik: a communist ideology was put by Lenin. This terminology is drieved from the Russian word “bolche” and means the extremist majority, as a minority from Lenin's followers break away during the Great War and the extremist majority stayed with him. Lenin thinks that it is impossible for a social body to turn sudddenly from a materialistic system to a communist one. There should be a transitional period in which the collectivism applied till the minds of people change. The communist system in Russia is based on the idea of the uinty of the state and authority, abolishing all the exploitation aspects and every division of the community to sects and establishing a socialistic system for the community.
Cold war means the dispute and conflict that emerge between two countries or blocs in the international community without the actual use of the armed troops for any country. It is usually an ideological and political conflict in which all potentials of the state are used except the military one. In case of military usage, the cold war turns to a hot one.
الجزء الثانى:
السياسة "هى مجموعة من القرارات المتداخلة التى يتخدها رجل أو مجموعة رجال سياسيين فيما يتعلق باختيار أهداف ووسائل تحقيقها من خلال وضع خاص حيث ينبغى أن تكون هذه القرارات – بالأساس- فى إطار سلطة هؤلاء السياسيين حتى يمكنهم تنفيذها". ولذلك يعتقد جنكينز أن السياسة هى عملية انتقاء وليست مجرد اختيار.
إن السلطة مأخوذة من الشرعية. وعندما تتمتع حكومة بالشرعية فسوف يتبعها الشعب لأنهم يعتقدون أن الحكم يجب أن يكون له شرعيته. وهذا هو مفتاح نجاح أى نظام سياسى, ويفسر أيضا لماذا أى نظام ديكتاتورى يتولى الحكم بالقوة يطالب فورا بإنشاء قاعدة ديمقراطية مدنية.
الجزء الثالث:
-إذا لم يكن لدينا حكومة فلن يكون لدينا شىء آخر لنسخر منه.
-أنا لا أخترع فكاهات, أنا فقط أرقب الحكومة ثم أكتب ما أراه حقيقة.
-إنه من الصعب أن تكون رجلا سياسيا حيث أن الأكاذيب والحقائق تدفع بسمعتك إلى الإنهيار.
-إن رجل الدولة مثل راعى الغنم يحلق صوف غنمه بينما السياسى يسلخ جلده.
What policy means?
Policy is a science and art of being able to manage and control whenever and wherever you are. The ability of good and proper conduct in the most difficult situations. The term is not only applied in politics or in diplomacy, it is applied in the social and practical life as well. If you want to be a social man or women, every body likes you, you should acts in policy. If you want to be successful in your work, you should have a prospective policy to maintain and develop your self. In the political field, policy has a substantial importance either it means “wisdom” or “the plan of action adopted or pursued by an individual, government, or party”. Thus, policy is part from politics and cannot be ignored. In conclusion, policy in life is a must to secure a stable life
.