الترجمة إلى العربية
المحاضرة (5)
29 ابريل 2006 – 15 يوليو 2006
أولا: ترجم إلى العربية المقالة التالية، مع مراعاة أن المقالة تتكون من فقرات فقرات، تقوم المجموعة الأولى بترجمة الفقرات 1-3، والثانية 4-6، والثالثة 7-9. أما العنوان فيشترك فيه الجميع:
Democracy in the Arab World, a U.S. Goal, Falters
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates, April 9 — Steps toward democracy in the Arab world, a crucial American goal that just months ago was cause for optimism — with elections held in Iraq, Egypt and the Palestinian areas — are slowing, blocked by legal maneuvers and official changes of heart throughout the Middle East.
Analysts and officials say the political rise of Islamists, the chaos in Iraq, the newfound Shiite power in Iraq with its implication for growing Iranian influence, and the sense among some rulers that they can wait out the end of the Bush administration have put the brakes on democratization.
"It feels like everything is going back to the bad old days, as if we never went through any changes at all," said Sulaiman al-Hattlan, editor in chief of Forbes Arabia and a prominent Saudi columnist and advocate. "Everyone is convinced now that there was no serious or genuine belief in change from the governments. It was just a reaction to pressure by the international media and the U.S."
In Egypt, the government of President Hosni Mubarak, which allowed a contested presidential election last year, has delayed municipal elections by two years after the Muslim Brotherhood made big gains in parliamentary elections late last year, despite the government's violent efforts to stop the group's supporters.
In Jordan, where King Abdullah II has made political change and democratization mandates, proponents see their hand weakened, with a document advocating change put on the back burner. Parliamentary elections in Qatar were postponed again, to 2007, while advocacy groups say that laws regulating the emergence of nongovernmental organizations have stymied their development.
In Yemen, the government has cracked down on the news media ahead of presidential elections this year, intimidating journalists who had been considered overcritical of the government.
In Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah has refused calls that the country's consultative council be elected, while the arrest last month of Muhsin al-Awaji, a government critic, raised questions about how far the country's newfound openness would go. And in Syria, promises for reforms have been followed by a harsh crackdown on the opposition.
Administration officials do not deny that there have been setbacks in the promotion of democracy in the Middle East, but say that recent negative trends do not discredit their approach. Arab nations in the Middle East are largely led by monarchies and authoritarian governments, many of which have been unable to keep up with explosive population growth and development needs.
After the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks, the Bush administration made democratization of the Middle East a strategic goal, to answer the extremism that had taken root in many parts of the region. Arab governments, prodded also by emboldened opposition movements, made some moves toward democracy. But Arab rulers now emphasize that change is a slow process, or simply focus on economic changes instead. With many economies booming, especially in the oil-rich Persian Gulf, governments are in no hurry to bring about change. At last month's meeting of Arab League leaders, there was no mention of an Arab reform program launched in Tunis in 2004
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ثانيا: مطلوب قراءة موضوع " قواعد الترجمة " من كتاب كيف تترجم، والإجابة على الأسئلة التالية:
1- متى تكون الترجمة الحرفية طريقة صحيحة ومقبولة في الترجمة؟ اشرح مع إعطاء الأمثلة.
2- ما هي أسهل وحدة يمكن التعامل معها في الترجمة؟ وهل ينطبق ذلك على جميع أنواع الترجمة: أي من العربية إلى الإنجليزية، ومن الإنجليزية إلى العربية؟
دورة الترجمة الأولى - محاضرة 5
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